{"id":6086,"date":"2020-08-30T08:29:23","date_gmt":"2020-08-30T06:29:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/?page_id=6086"},"modified":"2020-08-30T08:38:22","modified_gmt":"2020-08-30T06:38:22","slug":"bruitfond","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/bruitfond\/","title":{"rendered":"bruitfond"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6086\" class=\"elementor elementor-6086\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd5fd07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd5fd07\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fa1641\" data-id=\"2fa1641\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9505ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9505ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Traitement des images lin\u00e9aires avec PixInsight (3\/4)<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4068e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4068e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3-R\u00e9duire le bruit du fond du ciel<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25ace03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25ace03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Dans une image, le bruit est surtout pr\u00e9sent dans les zones o\u00f9 il y a le moins de signal, \u00e0 savoir dans le fond du ciel. On peut donc essayer de le r\u00e9duire. Cependant, une r\u00e9duction du bruit entra\u00eene une perte de signal, ce qui n&rsquo;est pas g\u00eanant sur une zone de l&rsquo;image ne contenant que le ciel, mais doit absolument \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9 sur les objets pr\u00e9sents sur la photo.<\/p><p>Nous allons donc cr\u00e9er un nouveau masque qui va nous permettre de traiter seulement le fond du ciel, sans toucher au reste de l&rsquo;image. Pour cela, nous allons commencer, comme tout \u00e0 l&rsquo;heure, par dupliquer notre image.<\/p><p>On applique une <span class=\"gras\"><strong>STF<\/strong> sur le clone ainsi cr\u00e9\u00e9<\/span> qu&rsquo;on remet \u00e0 z\u00e9ro en cliquant sur <strong><span class=\"gras\">Reset<\/span><\/strong> (l&rsquo;image devient noire), puis on va \u00e0 nouveau utiliser le process <span class=\"gras\">H<strong>istogramTransformation<\/strong><\/span> ou, si vous utilisez mes process icons, on va sur <strong><span class=\"gras\">Histogramme_sur_le_nouveau_clone<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p><p>On affiche le<strong> <span class=\"gras\">Real-Time preview<\/span><\/strong> (disque bleu) et cette fois, le but est de faire appara\u00eetre les \u00e9toiles et tous les objets pr\u00e9sents dans l&rsquo;image, et de rendre le fond de ciel bien noir. On joue pour cela sur les curseurs du <strong><span class=\"gras\">milieu<\/span><\/strong> (qu&rsquo;on ram\u00e8ne \u00e0 <strong><span class=\"gras\">gauche<\/span><\/strong>) et de <strong><span class=\"gras\">gauche<\/span><\/strong> (qu&rsquo;on ram\u00e8ne vers la<strong> <span class=\"gras\">droite<\/span><\/strong> pour noircir le fond).<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix202.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>L\u00e0 aussi j&rsquo;ai agrandi l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle horizontale de l&rsquo;histogramme d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e (ici \u00e0 <strong><span class=\"gras\">54<\/span><\/strong>) pour pouvoir r\u00e9gler plus finement les curseurs.<\/p><p>J&rsquo;ai obtenu ce que je voulais : une image avec le fond de ciel bien noir et les \u00e9toiles et les objets pr\u00e9sents bien visibles. L\u00e0 encore, c&rsquo;est le seul but recherch\u00e9, on ne cherche pas \u00e0 obtenir une belle image.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix203.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>On a donc maintenant <strong><span class=\"gras\">deux images<\/span><\/strong>, notre image de M51 et notre clone.<\/p><p>Le clone va maintenant nous servir de masque : on prend son onglet avec la souris et on va le d\u00e9poser sur notre image de M51.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix205.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>Le masque est appliqu\u00e9 : les zones rouges sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et les zones blanches (\u00e9toiles et galaxies) pr\u00eates \u00e0 \u00eatre soumises au traitement.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix206.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>Seulement on veut faire le contraire : traiter le fond du ciel et prot\u00e9ger \u00e9toiles et galaxies !<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"gras\">Il nous faut donc inverser le masque :<\/span><\/strong><br \/>pour cela on fait un clic droit sur l&rsquo;image puis on va sur <strong><span class=\"gras\">Mask\/Invert Mask<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix207.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>Cette fois, les zones rouges sont sur les objets pr\u00e9sents et c&rsquo;est bien le fond du ciel qu&rsquo;on va pouvoir traiter.<\/p><p>Faisons un preview qui englobe une zone contenant une partie de M51 et le fond de ciel.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix208.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>On s\u00e9lectionne notre preview, au passage on peut cacher le masque en cliquant sur l&rsquo;image avec le bouton droit et en s\u00e9lectionnant <strong><span class=\"gras\">Mask\/Show Mask<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix210.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>On va maintenant utiliser le process <strong><span class=\"gras\">AtrousWaveletTransform<\/span><\/strong> ou, si vous utilisez mes process icons, on va aller sur l&rsquo;ic\u00f4ne <strong><span class=\"gras\">Reduction_du_bruit_sur_le_fond_du_ciel<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p><p>On laisse les param\u00e8tres par d\u00e9faut mais on va cocher la case de la zone <strong><span class=\"gras\">k-sigma Noise Thresholding<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix209.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>On applique le <strong><span class=\"gras\">Real-Time preview<\/span><\/strong> du process en cliquant sur le cercle bleu. On peut jouer avec le bouton <strong><span class=\"gras\">Show transformed image<\/span><\/strong> pour voir le r\u00e9sultat avant\/apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9duction du bruit.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix211.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>Il faut \u00e0 la fois r\u00e9duire le bruit mais \u00e9galement ne pas avoir la main trop lourde, afin de garder l&rsquo;aspect le plus naturel possible \u00e0 l&rsquo;image.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix212.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>On peut ouvrir la zone <strong><span class=\"gras\">k-sigma Noise Thresholding<\/span> <\/strong>et r\u00e9gler la valeur du param\u00e8tre <strong><span class=\"gras\">Threshold<\/span><\/strong> pour augmenter ou diminuer l&rsquo;importance de la r\u00e9duction.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix213.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>Une fois que le r\u00e9sultat est \u00e0 votre go\u00fbt, il ne reste plus qu&rsquo;\u00e0 fermer la fen\u00eatre du <strong><span class=\"gras\">Real-Time preview<\/span><\/strong>, \u00e0 supprimer le preview puis \u00e0 d\u00e9poser le triangle du process sur l&rsquo;image globale.<\/p><p>On peut utiliser les fl\u00e8ches <strong><span class=\"gras\">Undo\/Redo<\/span><\/strong> de la barre d&rsquo;outils pour v\u00e9rifier l&rsquo;image avant\/apr\u00e8s.<\/p><div class=\"centre\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/Img\/pix214.jpg\" alt=\"Pix\" \/><\/div><p>Voil\u00e0, la r\u00e9duction de bruit est termin\u00e9e, il ne reste plus qu&rsquo;\u00e0 supprimer le masque en faisant un clic droit puis <strong><span class=\"gras\">Mask\/Remove Mask<\/span><\/strong> avant de passer \u00e0 la suite.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a806cb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a806cb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8496882\" data-id=\"8496882\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24680c1 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"24680c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/deconvolution\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-arrow-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Page 2<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33b6851\" data-id=\"33b6851\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db813f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7db813f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/calibration\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-right\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Page 4<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Traitement des images lin\u00e9aires avec PixInsight (3\/4) 3-R\u00e9duire le bruit du fond du ciel Dans une image, le bruit est surtout pr\u00e9sent dans les zones o\u00f9 il y a le moins de signal, \u00e0 savoir dans le fond du ciel. On peut donc essayer de le r\u00e9duire. Cependant, une r\u00e9duction du bruit entra\u00eene une perte &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/bruitfond\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">bruitfond<\/span> Lire la suite\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6086","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6086"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6091,"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6086\/revisions\/6091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arnaudom.fr\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}